A2UI + MCP Apps: Combining the best of declarative and custom agentic UIs

Developers often face a trade-off between customization and integration when evolving agentic workflows, traditionally having to choose between Model Context Protocol (MCP) Apps, which offer creative freedom but can lead to design inconsistency and performance issues, and Agent-to-User Interface (A2UI), which provides a secure and consistent UI but restricts developers to specific component libraries. By integrating these two approaches, developers can leverage native component rendering for standard UI elements while reserving custom iframe embedding for tailored experiences, enhancing both security and performance. Three architectural patterns are proposed to facilitate this integration: A2UI over MCP servers allows native rendering of rich UIs without the need for complex Agent-to-Agent architecture, MCP Apps within A2UI components provide a creative yet secure environment for complex modules, and A2UI inside MCP Apps enables dynamic, agent-driven UIs in legacy applications. These patterns allow developers to bypass iframe limitations, maintain robust security, and accelerate development cycles, all while ensuring design consistency and flexibility in UI presentation.

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