Protect an MCP server with an Authorization Server

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is emerging as a key API for large language models (LLMs) to interface with business logic, but its rapid adoption has led to security oversights reminiscent of the early REST era. Security vulnerabilities such as path traversal and injection issues have already been identified, emphasizing the need for robust authentication and authorization practices. MCP does not enforce security at the protocol level, placing the responsibility on implementers to secure their systems, often using OAuth to delegate authentication to an Authorization Server (AS). This approach ensures verified identities and user-controlled access, minimizing potential damage from misconfigurations. The process involves MCP server discovery, client registration, user authentication, consent granting, access token issuance, and validation. While the specification provides guidance for securing the client-server interaction, securing downstream services remains critical. MCP's reliance on OAuth, a well-established standard, aids in addressing these security concerns, but implementers must be proactive in applying these measures to prevent breaches.

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