How to code review security rules

Firebase Security Rules for Firestore, Storage, and Realtime Database should receive the same careful code review as application code because they control data access and validation. Reviews should first identify broad or global match rules that may unintentionally grant universal access, then assess how documents containing personally identifiable information are separated and restricted to the appropriate user. Effective rules testing through the Firebase Emulator Suite should cover every document type and permission, including successful requests and each expected denial case, with clear test descriptions and rule comments aiding review. Firestore reviewers must also verify that subcollections have explicit rules because they do not inherit parent permissions, unlike Realtime Database child nodes. Rules should enforce required, immutable, typed, and range-constrained fields on both creates and updates where applicable. Finally, security assessments must consider backend access through the Admin SDK and Cloud Functions, which bypass Security Rules and can introduce separate paths for exposing or modifying user data.

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