Isaac Besora, a software engineer at Felt, discusses his approach to solving common map rendering challenges to develop an intuitive, real-time collaborative mapping tool. He explains the use of web mapping libraries that employ tiled rendering engines, distinguishing between raster-based and vector-based renderers. Felt utilizes Protomaps JS, an open-source renderer, due to its simplicity and suitability for their needs, which include rendering 2D maps quickly without the complexity of 3D features. Besora addresses issues such as overzooming, where data is rendered at higher zoom levels than it supports, and styling, which involves creating a customizable style grammar for data representation. He highlights the importance of label placement and collision avoidance using R-trees and multiple label positions. Performance optimization is crucial, with efforts focused on reducing state changes and batching draw calls, leading to significant improvements in rendering times. Additionally, Felt contributes to open-source solutions by implementing algorithms like Douglas-Peucker for simplification and Martinez et al. for clipping, ensuring better handling of complex vector data.