Database security is a top organizational priority due to the rising costs of data breaches, which can result in business disruptions, recovering costs, intellectual property loss, and heavy fines from authorities. To mitigate these risks, organizations must implement comprehensive database security programs that cover various key areas such as authentication, authorization, auditing, encryption, and access control. However, balancing security and usability is a complex task, and maintaining a balance between database size and dependencies can have a negative impact on customer experience and application performance. Common threats and security challenges include human risks, software exploits, and logistical challenges, which require proactive measures to ensure the right skill sets are available internally and that security controls are integrated into processes. By applying key best practices such as separating out application servers and database servers, deploying firewalls and database activity monitors, provisioning database user accounts with only needed privileges, patching and updating database software and operating systems, testing and verifying database security and remediation processes, strongly encrypting data and backups, and keeping data safe in the cloud, organizations can reduce the risk of unauthorized access and other security threats.