LLM-assisted Malware Review: AI and Humans Join Forces to Combat Malware

Experiments with GPT-3.5 reveal that while large language model (LLM)-based malware reviews can complement human evaluations, they are not yet capable of replacing them due to limitations in accurately identifying malicious code. These experiments, conducted by Endor Labs, involved monitoring package repositories like PyPI and npm for malicious packages, employing AI techniques to analyze code behavior and metadata. Despite some success in detecting true positives, false positives and negatives were prevalent, highlighting the challenges in balancing detection accuracy and resource allocation for manual reviews. The ability of adversaries to mislead these models with simple tricks, like benign comments or function names, further underscores the necessity of human oversight. However, LLMs can still play a supportive role by handling large volumes of potential malware signals, which might otherwise be overlooked, providing an additional layer of analysis in conjunction with manual reviews. Future improvements in pre-processing and prompt engineering may enhance LLM performance, but the reliance on human interpretation remains crucial for accurate malware detection.

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