Elasticsearch incorporates a versioning system to manage concurrency issues that arise when multiple components update data, ensuring data integrity without traditional locking mechanisms. The system assigns a version number to each document, automatically incrementing it with every write operation, which enables optimistic locking, allowing operations to proceed if the expected document version matches the current one. This approach minimizes the need for locks by using version numbers to detect conflicts, making it suitable for high-throughput environments. Additionally, Elasticsearch supports external versioning systems, allowing integration with other databases that maintain their own versioning, although it behaves differently by storing the provided version number without incrementing it. The system also addresses delete operations by temporarily retaining metadata about deleted documents to prevent outdated requests from recreating them, employing a garbage collection process to balance resource usage.