Running Elasticsearch within Docker containers requires careful consideration of plugin management and data persistence, particularly for stateful services. This involves using Docker's basic bind mounts to store Elasticsearch data outside the container, ensuring that changes persist beyond the life of ephemeral containers. Plugins can be managed by extending Docker images using a Dockerfile, which facilitates repeatable and trackable installations. More complex plugins that require additional files or configurations benefit from keeping images generic to enable re-use and maintain tighter control over sensitive data. For instance, the article discusses using Shield for access control and SSL/TLS for secure communication, highlighting the importance of managing configuration and persistence through volume mounts. The overall approach emphasizes reliability, repeatability, and security, urging users to tailor setups for their specific environments while maintaining persistent data separately from container images to ensure data control and container ephemerality. Testing is crucial to ensure that Elasticsearch operates as expected within Docker, especially regarding network communication and plugin functionality.