Learning the Go programming language is highly recommended for experienced developers due to its prominence in modern cloud and distributed systems, with major projects like Kubernetes, Prometheus, and Docker being built on it. The article suggests several resources for mastering Go, including "A Tour of Go," "Go by Example," and "Effective Go," which provide interactive exercises and insights into the language's features and idioms. Additionally, it highlights courses from experts like Stephen Grider and Todd McLeod, available on platforms like Udemy, as valuable learning tools. The text also underscores the importance of practical coding and project work to deepen understanding, suggesting that tools like Earthly can enhance Go development by simplifying build processes.