What is Homomorphic Encryption?
Blog post from Duality
Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) allow computations on encrypted data without decryption, with homomorphic encryption (HE) being a key method explored in this context. HE enables operations on encrypted data, including partially homomorphic encryption like RSA, which allows multiplication of encrypted values but loses homomorphic properties when used with padding. Leveled and fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes, such as the BFV scheme, extend these capabilities by supporting both additive and multiplicative properties, albeit with noise management challenges. FHE, pioneered by Craig Gentry, allows unlimited computations through techniques like bootstrapping, which manage noise accumulation without decryption. These advancements are supported by tools like Google's FHE transpiler and the open-source library PALISADE, which facilitate the practical application of homomorphic encryption by enabling users to run encrypted computations in C++.
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