Public health research relies heavily on data, yet many medical centers are restricted to only their own datasets, hindering the development of accurate models, especially for rare diseases. To overcome this, collaboration through data sharing across institutions is crucial, but it raises privacy concerns. Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) provide solutions by ensuring secure and compliant data collaboration, enabling institutions to maintain data privacy while unlocking the potential of shared datasets. Techniques like federated learning and analytics, homomorphic encryption, and differential privacy allow for the secure processing and analysis of data without compromising individual privacy. These advancements have facilitated significant developments in areas such as disease control, drug development, and health equity by enabling secure collaboration on sensitive data. As PETs gain traction, they promise to enhance public trust, promote global data-sharing standards, and expand applications in public health, paving the way for more substantial and secure innovations in the field.