The healthcare industry faces significant challenges in data collaboration due to stringent regulations on Personal Health Information (PHI), which hinder data sharing between medical centers and within institutions, impacting clinical trials, treatment development, and regimen effectiveness assessments. Technologies like Duality offer solutions by enabling the analysis of encrypted data without compromising privacy, facilitating potential cross-departmental data analysis, genomic data integration, and real-world evidence collection. These advancements could significantly benefit areas such as rare disease research, where limited data and economic incentives currently impede progress; by improving data collaboration, the quality of care and treatment options for rare diseases could be enhanced, potentially altering the landscape of what is considered "rare."