The Capital One data breach exposed approximately 106 million records due to a series of systemic security failures, demonstrating the importance of a multi-layered cybersecurity approach. The breach, initially attributed to a misconfigured firewall, actually involved multiple vulnerabilities, such as a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attack, insufficient intrusion detection, and overly permissive access controls. These failures were compounded by organizational oversights, including inadequate communication between executive leadership and security teams and the improper assignment of server permissions. The incident underscored the criticality of understanding shared responsibility in cloud security, emphasizing that while cloud providers like AWS manage infrastructure security, organizations must configure their applications and access controls properly. The breach resulted in significant financial and legal consequences for Capital One, including an $80 million fine, lawsuits, and reputational damage, serving as a cautionary tale that cybersecurity is not solely a technical issue but also an organizational one. Proactive security measures, such as regular risk assessments, cross-team incident response drills, and ensuring executive-level involvement, are essential to prevent similar incidents.