Power BI, GoodData, and Metabase are three popular dashboarding tools that offer various data modeling capabilities to help users create reports, visualizations, and metrics. Power BI allows users to define column types, create custom fields, and use DAX for complex expressions. GoodData provides a logical model layer with semantic data types, allowing users to define relationships between tables and datasets. Metabase uses SQL as its primary query language, offering a simple and intuitive way to create custom models and expressions. All three tools have features to manage data granularity, including creating custom fields, aggregating tables, and defining local or central metrics. They also offer refresh capabilities for updated data, with Power BI using cache availability, GoodData refreshing its internal cache, and Metabase establishing direct connections to sources. Understanding the strengths of each tool is essential for choosing the best fit for specific use cases and requirements.