Cloud data migrations can be categorized into two main strategies: "lift and shift" and "migrate and refactor," each presenting varying levels of difficulty. The "lift and shift" approach involves transferring data as-is from an old system to a new one, with success measured by consistency between the two systems. Meanwhile, the "migrate and refactor" strategy requires the adaptation of functions, emphasizing the need to validate that numerous functions continue to operate correctly. Successful data migration, regardless of the method, necessitates thorough testing to ensure the transition's efficacy, and understanding the best testing strategies is crucial for overcoming the challenges associated with these migrations.