Go's built-in logging library is suitable for local development and simple applications. logrus is recommended for structured logging in JSON format, which can be parsed by machines and easily added to with new fields. glog allows for logging level control through command line flags, reducing log volume in production. To write Golang logs effectively, make calls to the logger from within the main application process, standardize logs with predefined messages, send logs to a central platform, use HTTP headers and unique IDs to log user behavior across microservices, avoid declaring goroutines for logging, write logs to a file, implement a standard logging interface, and centralize Golang logs using solutions like syslog or Datadog.