Data migration is the process of transferring data from one system, format, or storage location to another, typically during system upgrades, cloud transitions, or infrastructure changes. It involves careful planning, mapping, and validation to ensure data remains accurate, consistent, and secure throughout the move. The benefits of effective data migration include enhanced performance, cost savings, better scalability, data consolidation, compliance, business continuity, and improved decision-making capabilities. However, data migration also presents challenges such as data loss or corruption, downtime, security risks, cost overruns, and complex planning requirements. To manage these risks, organizations should use a phased approach, implement automation tools, conduct thorough testing, and maintain detailed records of the migration process. Successful data migration minimizes downtime, prevents data loss, and supports business continuity by enabling access to critical information in the new environment.