The Spring Data Couchbase framework allows developers to simplify interactions with Couchbase using standard Spring Data features, including caching, document validation, and exposing a repository through a REST API. To implement caching, developers can use the `@Cacheable` annotation to specify a cache instance and key regex, ensuring that method results are fetched from the cache instead of re-executing them. Document validation is achieved by adding Hibernate validation annotations to POJO objects, which throw ConstraintViolationExceptions when invalid data is attempted to be stored. The Spring Data REST Web MVC dependency enables developers to expose their repository behind a REST API, providing HATEOAS-style links and embedded documents in the response.