What ACTUALLY happens when you push to Convex?

Convex describes how application code moves from a developer’s IDE to a live backend and how client requests are executed at scale. Commands such as `npx convex dev` or `deploy` send code and schemas to a deployment, where FunRun uses the V8 JavaScript engine to analyze and type-check modules before storing them in S3; new indexes are built and schemas validated before an atomic cutover ensures new code never runs against incompatible database structures. Client queries and mutations typically arrive over WebSockets, are forwarded to FunRun with a deployment identifier, arguments, and a database timestamp, and execute against a consistent read-only snapshot. Mutations return intended writes to a deployment-side committer, which is the only component allowed to write to the database and uses optimistic concurrency control to detect conflicts and retry functions when necessary. FunRun was separated from individual deployments to overcome V8’s per-process concurrency limits, allowing deployments to use a shared execution fleet that can support thousands of concurrent functions while applying safeguards against excessive or disruptive workloads. Convex also shifted from one process per deployment to the multi-tenant Conductor service, enabling thousands of deployments per instance, lowering resource costs, and speeding internal updates. Remaining infrastructure work includes improving load balancing across FunRun machines, since routing requests for cache locality can leave some instances heavily utilized while others remain relatively idle.

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