TypeScript is a statically typed language that extends JavaScript's syntax and functionality, adding features such as type safety, object-oriented programming support, and improvements to classes, interfaces, and inheritance. It provides a superset of JavaScript, allowing developers to build complex interactive applications and websites with fewer bugs, while also offering tools like inline documentation and live code checking to catch coding mistakes. TypeScript is designed to address issues with JavaScript, such as its forgiveness nature and lack of features, by introducing type safety and ensuring that data is processed and stored properly. With the ability to compile to JavaScript, TypeScript can run in web browsers and Node.js environments, making it a popular choice for building complex applications and websites, including those using React, Angular, Ionic, and Electron.