Google Sheets OAuth2 API: the complete setup guide
Blog post from CodeWords
Interacting with Google Sheets programmatically requires navigating authentication challenges, particularly when accessing or modifying private data, which mandates the use of OAuth2 for secure, scoped, token-based access. OAuth2 is likened to a hotel key card system, offering specific access compared to the broader API key usage, which is limited to reading public spreadsheets. There are three main OAuth2 grant types: authorization code flow for user consent, service account flow for server automation, and API key for read-only access to public sheets. Setting up OAuth2 involves creating a project in Google Cloud Console, enabling the Google Sheets API, configuring the OAuth consent screen, and creating credentials such as an OAuth client ID or service account. The process includes securely storing the JSON key file and sharing the spreadsheet with the service account email. Access tokens, which expire after an hour, can be refreshed using a refresh token or automatically with service accounts via tools like the google-auth Python library. The Sheets API v4 provides core Python methods for reading and writing data, enabling batch updates within Google's rate limits and facilitating integration through platforms like CodeWords.
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