The text outlines a detailed process for debugging a Node.js application running inside a Docker container on a remote AWS machine without modifying command arguments or exposing the debugger to the internet. It explains how to enable debugging by sending a SIGUSR1 signal to the Node.js process using the `docker kill` command, and addresses the challenge of connecting to a Docker container's network to expose a new port for the Node.js debugger agent. The text introduces the use of the `socat` utility to forward traffic between different ports, allowing remote access to the debugger through SSH tunneling. It also emphasizes the importance of synchronizing the application code between the local development environment and the remote server using a labeling convention for Docker images. Finally, the author demonstrates configuring an IDE, such as Visual Studio Code, to attach the debugger to the remote application, achieving the goal of seamless debugging without restarting the application or compromising security.