Concise (Post-Christmas) Cryptography Challenges

The text presents three short cryptography challenges that can be solved with basic knowledge of hashing algorithms, HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS), and AES-256 encryption. The first challenge involves cracking five password hashes generated using BCrypt. The second challenge requires understanding how to strip HTTPS from a website using HSTS. The third challenge involves decrypting two images encrypted with AES-256 in CTR mode. Solutions and hints are provided for each challenge, along with an explanation of the vulnerabilities exploited in the process.