The post-quantum future of web privacy

Post-quantum cryptography is necessary not only for core Internet protocols such as TLS but also for privacy-preserving abuse-prevention systems like Privacy Pass, whose current RSA- and elliptic-curve-based tokens could be forged by quantum attackers even though their unlinkability remains secure. Cloudflare and collaborators are developing MOLE, a framework for anonymous credentials that can hide both client and issuer identities, enabling equitable moderation and more flexible management of automated traffic. A promising approach uses VOLE-in-the-Head zero-knowledge proofs with multivariate cryptography, particularly UOV signatures, to build post-quantum blind signatures and issuer-hiding endorsements; the PoMFRIT construction demonstrates blind signatures around 4.3 KB, while proposed VOLE-IHAT and VOLE-ACT schemes could support MOLE endorsements and credentials with larger but potentially practical communication costs and millisecond-scale runtimes. Although these designs require further security proofs, cryptanalysis, parameter refinement, and protocol engineering to manage their greater size, the authors argue that post-quantum anonymous credentials for the web may be nearing practical deployment.

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