Prepping for post-quantum: a beginner’s guide to lattice cryptography

The text is about lattice cryptography, a paradigm at the heart of post-quantum (PQ) transition in cryptography. It discusses how the Internet's cryptography is evolving to address the looming threat of quantum computers breaking public-key cryptography. The text introduces lattice-based cryptography as an alternative to elliptic curves and explains its benefits and challenges. It also covers the details of a specific lattice-based encryption scheme called ML-KEM (Multivariate Lattice Encryption Scheme) and discusses its security and efficiency. Additionally, it touches on authentication using a related signature scheme called ML-DSA (Multivariate Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm). The text concludes by highlighting the potential applications of lattice cryptography in full homomorphic encryption (FHE) and other areas.