Cloudflare incident on March 21, 2025

The Cloudflare R2 object storage service experienced an elevated rate of errors for approximately 1 hour and 7 minutes on March 21, 2025. The incident started with the rotation of credentials used by the R2 Gateway service to authenticate with the storage infrastructure. However, instead of deploying the new credentials to the production environment, they were deployed to a non-production Worker, causing authentication errors that led to degraded availability. The root cause was identified as human error due to inadequate visibility into which credentials were being used by the R2 Gateway Worker. After a thorough investigation and deployment of the correct credentials, service availability was restored. To prevent similar failures in the future, Cloudflare has taken steps to improve its key rotation process, including adding logging tags, requiring explicit confirmation before deleting previous tokens, and updating its hotfix release tooling to enforce environment configurations and safety checks.

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