Authentication and authorization are crucial components of security, ensuring that only authorized individuals can access company resources while preventing unauthorized access. Authentication involves verifying a user's identity, typically through credentials such as usernames and passwords, while authorization determines the permissions granted to a user after authentication. With the rise of cyber threats, traditional password-based authentication has become vulnerable, prompting organizations to adopt multifactor authentication (MFA) for added security. MFA requires multiple forms of identification, such as a password and a one-time token, to verify user identity. Authorization methods, including role-based access control (RBAC) and attribute-based access control (ABAC), manage user permissions based on roles or specific attributes like location or device. RBAC provides broad permissions based on user roles, while ABAC offers more granular control, aligning permissions with organizational policies. Both authentication and authorization are integral to identity and access management, which aims to ensure users have appropriate access without exceeding necessary permissions. Organizations must choose the right combination of authentication and authorization strategies to balance security needs and operational complexity.