Managing Java's memory usage in a continuous integration (CI) environment like CircleCI can be challenging due to the variety of build frameworks and environment variables involved. Different variables such as _JAVA_OPTIONS, JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS, JAVA_OPTS, JVM_OPTS, GRADLE_OPTS, and MAVEN_OPTS can be set to control memory usage, each with varying levels of precedence and specificity to certain tools or languages. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is notorious for pre-allocating large amounts of memory, which can lead to out-of-memory (OOM) errors, commonly indicated by an exit code 137. These errors are often difficult to diagnose because error messages typically do not mention memory issues directly. However, recent updates allow Java to read memory limits from Docker containers, potentially improving memory management. It is essential to balance the JVM's memory allocation to ensure it is sufficient for Java applications while allowing other processes to function within the shared memory environment of CI platforms like CircleCI.