Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) are a cryptographic technique that can address scalability and privacy issues in Layer 1 blockchain projects by enhancing transaction throughput and protecting user data privacy. This technology allows users to prove possession of information without revealing it, enabling complex computations while safeguarding intellectual property. ZKP implementations, such as zkSNARK and zkSTARK, are crucial for developing advanced dApps that expand Web3 while maintaining privacy. Compared to Optimistic Rollup, ZKP-based solutions, including zk-Rollup, Validium, and Volition, offer different trade-offs in transaction verification, gas fees, and data security. ZKP projects like StarkEx, StarkNet, Immutable X, and Zcash demonstrate its application in enhancing blockchain scalability and privacy, with Chainlink’s decentralized services further bolstering security and reliability. As the blockchain industry evolves, ZKP-based solutions are expected to gain traction among users and enterprises, facilitating the development of scalable and cost-effective applications while ensuring privacy.