The text discusses the challenges and solutions associated with efficiently utilizing GPUs in data science and AI workloads on Kubernetes, highlighting the high costs and low utilization often faced by teams. It introduces two primary methods for GPU sharing: Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) and GPU time-slicing, both of which can significantly enhance resource efficiency and reduce costs. GPU time-slicing allows multiple workloads to share a single GPU by rapidly switching between them, ideal for light inference tasks, while MIG partitions a GPU into isolated instances, useful for workloads needing guaranteed performance. The article emphasizes the potential for substantial cost savings and improved GPU utilization through these methods, and how Cast AI automates their implementation within Kubernetes environments, thereby optimizing resource allocation without compromising performance.