The cloud computing industry is undergoing significant changes, with companies facing long-term cost implications and shifting their focus towards infrastructure spending as a first-class metric. Some companies are exploring the option to repatriate their operations from the cloud, but this comes with its own set of challenges. The market value of top public software companies using the cloud has been impacted by cloud-related costs, with some companies losing up to $100 billion in market value. On the other hand, committed cloud spend is typically 20% lower than actual spend, and some companies have reported exceeding their estimates by at least 2x. Cloud cost optimization is seen as a key solution to address these issues, allowing companies to stay on the cloud but for half of the cost. Meanwhile, new developments in edge computing and AI are emerging, with IBM pivoting towards cloud services + AI with Watson Orchestrate. Additionally, CAST AI has launched GKE Analyzer to help users optimize their Google Cloud Platform costs.