Database triggers are backend workflows that can be set to run when something in a database changes, and they're useful for automating Bubble app functionality, as mentioned by HelloPrenup founder Sarabeth Jaffe at BubbleCon. She highlighted their importance after learning about them just a week prior, indicating that they can significantly improve one's understanding of how systems interact with each other. Database triggers are particularly helpful for keeping a system synced with another system and can be used to automate various workflows in a Bubble app, making them a valuable feature for developers to learn about.