Web scraping at scale often encounters anti-scraping measures that block or throttle requests from a single IP, necessitating the use of proxies, intermediary servers that forward requests. Proxies can be static, maintaining a fixed IP, or rotating, which use a pool of IPs and change the outgoing IP either on a time interval or after a certain number of requests. Rotating proxies, especially those from diverse subnets or geographies, help mitigate IP bans and rate limits by distributing requests across many addresses. Key components of a scraping system include a proxy pool manager for maintaining healthy proxies, a proxy rotator for selecting proxies, scraper workers, and error handling mechanisms. Rotating proxies are particularly effective in overcoming challenges like IP bans, geo-restrictions, and anti-bot fingerprinting, often used in conjunction with other techniques like user-agent randomization. Legal and ethical considerations are crucial, as scraping must respect terms of service, robots.txt files, privacy laws, and copyrights, and should avoid overloading servers. Using reputable proxy providers and implementing robust error recovery and retry strategies can enhance the effectiveness of scraping activities while maintaining compliance with legal and ethical standards.