Where to run an agent harness in production

Agent harnesses, the orchestration layers that connect AI models to tools and long-running work loops, require production infrastructure that preserves state, resumes quickly, supports branching from live execution, maintains stable network addresses, and survives crashes. The article argues that common options such as ephemeral sandboxes, containers, serverless functions, Codespaces, and long-lived VPSs address only parts of these needs, often requiring developers to build complex checkpointing, recovery, and networking mechanisms themselves. It presents persistent microVMs as a better-suited runtime model for coding agents and similar stateful workloads, highlighting boxd as a KVM-based platform that preserves processes and disk state, hibernates when idle, resumes in under a millisecond, forks running machines through copy-on-write snapshots, and provides each VM with a public HTTPS endpoint. The piece acknowledges that ephemeral platforms remain appropriate for short stateless code execution, high-volume inference, and GPU training, but contends that long-running, branching agent workflows benefit from persistent infrastructure; it identifies exe.dev and Sprites as comparable products and notes that boxd can also be self-hosted.

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