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Encryption vs. Tokenization: Similarities and Differences

Blog post from Basis Theory

Post Details
Company
Date Published
Author
Basis Theory
Word Count
1,255
Company Posts That Month
4
Language
English
Hacker News Points
-
Post removed?
No
Summary

Encryption and tokenization are complementary methods for protecting sensitive data such as personal information, cardholder details, and health records. Encryption transforms readable data into coded form that can be restored with the appropriate key, making it useful for securing communications, backups, and information that must remain usable in its original form, though compromised keys or sufficient computing power can expose it. Tokenization substitutes sensitive values with unrelated tokens while storing the originals in a secured vault, so tokens alone do not reveal the underlying data and can be safely used in business systems or shared with third parties. In online payments, encryption protects card data while it moves between customers, merchants, and payment providers, while tokenization limits the sensitive data retained in merchant databases. Combining both approaches can reduce breach exposure, simplify PCI-DSS compliance, limit employee access to raw data, and give merchants greater flexibility to use multiple payment service providers, although provider-issued tokens may create dependence on a single processor.

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