Technical debt in software development refers to the expected future costs of maintenance that occur when developers choose fast substandard solutions over sustainable practices during current software development. This can lead to increased development costs, reduced system scalability, and decreased software quality. Refactoring is a method that helps professional programmers reorganize code structures for better readability, maintainability, while keeping external behaviors unaltered. Continuous refactoring is necessary to prevent major overhauls, reduce long-term costs, and ensure the code stays flexible as business needs evolve. A framework for managing technical debt includes practices, inventory, and process pillars, which can be integrated into regular development flows to make it visible, rewarding, and resilient. Automated tools like SonarQube, CodeClimate, NDepend, and ESLint can help find and handle technical debt, while metrics-driven refactoring measures progress and identifies areas needing optimization. Technical debt isn't inherently bad; it allows quick development but can be problematic if neglected, making continuous refactoring essential for long-term success.