Airflow can be used to extract data lineage events from pipelines using OpenLineage, an open-source standard for collecting and analyzing lineage metadata. There are three ways to do this: (1) using pre-built operators that emit OpenLineage events, such as BigQueryOperator and PostgresOperator; (2) developing custom Airflow operators with custom OpenLineage extractors; or (3) using inlets and outlets to manually set data lineage for operators. Each method has its own advantages and requires different setup and configuration. Astro, a fully managed cloud orchestration platform powered by Apache Airflow, provides pre-built support for OpenLineage out of the box, making it easy to extract lineage metadata and visualize pipeline workflows.