Tips for Optimizing PostgreSQL Queries

Query optimization is a complex process that depends on both the specific query and the nature of the data. Some general principles for optimizing queries include using a well-designed database with appropriate normalization, selecting the right datatype, indexing appropriately, vacuuming regularly to update statistics, using materialized views, avoiding DISTINCT when possible, using prepared statements, rewriting complex queries, minimizing the amount of data processed, and increasing working memory. Additionally, studying query plans and using EXPLAIN ANALYZE can help identify areas for optimization.