eBPF Offensive Capabilities – Get Ready for Next-gen Malware

eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter) is a powerful technology integrated into the Linux kernel that allows programs to run in a restricted C-like language, offering deep-level system interaction without the need for kernel modules. Since its inception in 2014, eBPF has been used for tracing, networking, and security, with capabilities to monitor and enforce security policies. However, its potential for misuse is significant, as attackers can exploit eBPF for malicious purposes such as hiding processes, modifying traffic, or bypassing security checks. The technology utilizes various hooks, including kprobes, uprobes, and traffic control hooks, to modify or monitor kernel and user-space functions. Defensive measures include restricting SYS_bpf usage to root users and employing monitoring tools like Falco to detect suspicious activities. Despite its potential risks, eBPF's ability to extend kernel functionalities safely makes it a valuable tool for both legitimate and malicious activities, emphasizing the need for vigilant security practices.