Call Stacks and Unwinding 101

Understanding the call stack is crucial for programming, as it manages function calls and returns in a computer's memory, allowing for the continuation of code execution. This text delves into how native-compiled code, specifically on 64-bit ARM Linux systems, manages call stacks, emphasizing the role of stack frames and the use of registers like x29 and x30 for managing function call returns. Tools such as profilers and debuggers rely on accurately interpreting these call stacks to perform tasks like debugging and profiling, often using techniques like frame pointers or the .eh_frame section for stack unwinding. While frame pointers offer a straightforward way to trace call stacks, they are often omitted to optimize performance, necessitating alternative methods like .eh_frame for accurate stack tracing. The document concludes by hinting at further exploration into how profilers are triggered and handle virtual-machine environments, promising more insights in future discussions.