MCP Risk Analysis: Attack Vectors, OWASP Guidance and Lunar's AI‑Driven Risk Assessment

Model-Context-Protocol (MCP) servers, which enable AI agents to access real-world systems, present unique security challenges such as tool poisoning, prompt injection, and context manipulation. As organizations adopt these servers, understanding the threat landscape becomes essential, particularly as attackers can exploit these systems to execute malicious actions, exfiltrate data, or corrupt systems. Lunar's platform, MCPX, incorporates OWASP guidelines to mitigate risks through automated risk-scoring and governance workflows, which include version drift detection, tool description analysis, and the classification of tool sensitivity. By leveraging a large language model, MCPX reviews tool definitions, assesses security risks, and recommends constraints to minimize potential damage. This system classifies tools into risk-based tiers, offering a structured approach to manage and monitor tool usage, thus enabling organizations to safely harness the capabilities of AI agents in production environments while maintaining security and compliance.