The JFrog Security research team has identified two significant vulnerabilities in the X.Org libX11 library, namely CVE-2023-43786 and CVE-2023-43787, which can lead to denial-of-service and remote code execution, respectively. These vulnerabilities have been addressed in the latest version of the library. The blog series details the technical aspects of these vulnerabilities, with a focus on CVE-2023-43787, which involves a heap-based buffer overflow in the Xpm image format, potentially leading to remote code execution. The post includes a detailed analysis and demonstration of exploiting this vulnerability on a Debian machine. It also highlights multiple exploitation avenues and discusses scenarios where CVE-2023-43787 can be triggered, such as through the sxpm CLI utility. Furthermore, the JFrog Platform is confirmed not to be vulnerable to these issues, and its Advanced Security feature helps users detect and analyze such vulnerabilities effectively. The research underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and sharing findings to enhance overall security, with updates provided through JFrog's security research channels.