GraphQL schema stitching vs federation

GraphQL schema stitching and federation are two distinct methods for managing complex GraphQL architectures, particularly as they grow within large organizations. Schema stitching combines multiple GraphQL schemas into a single unified schema, allowing seamless queries across disparate data sources and can be done manually or with tools like graphql-tools. Conversely, GraphQL federation creates a distributed system where multiple independently deployable services, or "subgraphs," are integrated into a composite graph, with a gateway layer—typically Apollo—managing the communication between them. While schema stitching is often simpler and faster, making it suitable for less complex architectures, federation offers a decentralized approach ideal for independent teams with the necessary domain knowledge. The choice between the two methods depends on factors like team expertise, organizational structure, and budget, with federation potentially incurring costs related to Apollo's services. Understanding specific requirements is crucial for making an informed decision in this context.