Python code debugging: Common bugs, tools, and best practices

Debugging in Python is an essential skill that involves diagnosing and resolving issues, ranging from syntax and runtime errors to logical mistakes, performance bottlenecks, and dependency challenges. The article details various debugging tools, including Python's built-in debugger (pdb), visual debuggers in IDEs like PyCharm, Visual Studio Code, and Eclipse PyDev, as well as profiling tools like cProfile and Profile that help identify performance issues. Additionally, it introduces AI-based tools like Tabnine, which offer context-aware code suggestions and automated debugging enhancements. Best practices for effective debugging include starting with a clear hypothesis, isolating issues by narrowing down code segments, and employing post-mortem debugging to inspect program states at exception points. These strategies not only address immediate code problems but also enhance the programmer's understanding of their codebase, facilitating the development of more efficient and robust Python programs.