Object-oriented programming vs. functional programming: Is OOP dead?

Object-oriented programming (OOP), a long-standing paradigm in software development, is facing growing criticism for its organizational inefficiencies and propensity to accumulate code debt, prompting some developers to explore functional programming (FP) as an alternative. FP emphasizes a stateless, declarative approach that focuses on transforming inputs through functions, offering more flexibility and reducing the complexity associated with managing states inherent in OOP. While OOP relies on the encapsulation of objects and often struggles with scalability due to tightly coupled class inheritance, FP promotes modularity through function composition, enabling developers to maintain more adaptable and manageable codebases. Despite the rise of FP, OOP remains deeply embedded in many programming languages like JavaScript, which supports both paradigms, allowing developers to leverage a hybrid approach depending on project requirements. Ultimately, while OOP is not likely to disappear, it is evolving by integrating functional concepts to address its limitations, reflecting the ongoing adaptation of programming methodologies to meet modern development needs.