5 Java frameworks to build scalable web applications

Java, a widely favored programming language with over 7.6 million developers in 2019, is not typically linked to web development, yet it boasts several robust web frameworks that streamline the development process by focusing on business logic rather than basic code tasks like exception handling. Among these, the Spring Framework is noted for its extensive ecosystem and modular tools; JavaServer Faces (JSF) is recognized for its reusable UI components and Oracle support; Struts is an open-source MVC framework appreciated for its plugin architecture; the Play Framework enhances productivity with features like hot code reloading; and Google Web Toolkit (GWT) allows Java code to function as JavaScript in browsers, supporting complex client-side designs. Each framework comes with its own set of strengths and limitations, such as learning curves, community support, and integration capabilities, making it crucial for developers to assess their specific project requirements and expertise before selecting the most suitable one.