Java SQL Injection Guide: Examples and Prevention

SQL injection (SQLi) attacks are a significant threat to web applications, including those built with Java, due to their potential to manipulate database queries by injecting unauthorized SQL code. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in applications that concatenate raw user input into SQL queries, allowing attackers to access, modify, or delete sensitive data. To prevent SQLi, developers should avoid trusting user input by using techniques such as parameterized queries or prepared statements, which separate query logic from user-supplied data. Additional preventative measures include leveraging Java's type system, employing input validation via allowlists, and practicing the principle of least privilege by limiting database user permissions. While object-relational mapping (ORM) tools can aid in reducing SQLi risks, they are not foolproof, and developers must remain vigilant about potential vulnerabilities. Overall, implementing these strategies helps safeguard applications from SQL injection attacks and other security threats.