The Snyk Fetch the Flag CTF 2023 challenge, I Do Math, involves logging into a system with a specific username and PIN. The correct solution is to use the JavaScript `MAX_SAFE_INT` value of 9007199254740992 as the PIN. This value is larger than any other valid number, making it easier to identify the correct answer. The provided Bash script demonstrates how to solve this challenge by using the `curl` command to send a request to the specified IP address and port with the incorrect PIN, allowing the user to determine if their PIN is too small or too large.