Vulnerabilities are software code flaws or system misconfigurations that allow attackers to directly gain unauthorized access to a system or network, while weaknesses refer to specific problems that reduce a system's security even if no actual exploit has been identified. Understanding the distinction between vulnerabilities and weaknesses is crucial for application security, enabling developers to proactively address potential vulnerabilities by identifying weaknesses before they are exploited, leading to a more secure application. Both vulnerabilities and weaknesses can be exploited, with weaknesses being intrinsically linked to vulnerabilities once an attacker identifies a way to exploit them. Conducting regular vulnerability assessments and implementing security measures such as static application security testing, penetration testing, and secure code reviews can help identify and remediate vulnerabilities and weaknesses before they become critical security risks. By staying ahead of malicious actors, developers can create secure products that protect software applications and the data they process from various threats and vulnerabilities.