ruby The Ruby ecosystem's dependency management is crucial due to the presence of malicious code or backdoors in third-party open source libraries. Bundler and RubyGems are two tools used for managing dependencies, with Bundler being a gem itself that eases the burden of installing gems one-by-one. The Gemfile manifest file describes all dependencies needed by a project, while the Gemfile.lock lockfile pins the entire nested dependency tree to ensure consistency across installations. bundler-audit scans for security vulnerabilities in Ruby gems, and Snyk provides a rich database of security vulnerabilities in the Ruby ecosystem, complementing bundler-audit's checks. Using both tools is recommended to secure dependencies.